LAD #33: Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact
Kellogg and Briand:
French Minister of Foreign Affairs Aristide Briand proposed the peace pact as a bilateral agreement between America and France to prevent a war between the two powers. US Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg were less interested in this bilateral arrangement as it appeared to be an alliance, which America was attempting to avoid. Kellogg suggested that the two nations instead lead the way to invite all nations to join them in outlawing war.
Other Name:
The Pact of Paris
Number of countries who signed it:
Fifteen nations originally signed the pact in Paris. This included: France, America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Italy, and Japan. Later forty-seven more nations signed the pact.
What is needed to enforce it:
The Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact and the League of Nations lacked a combined armed force that could be used to enforce their policies. When offenders disobeyed the rules put in place by this pact and the League, nothing was done to punish the nations. Additionally, the Pact of Paris never specified what constituted "self-defense". This idealist peace pact was unprepared for when nations were ready to fight again, and although many nations continued to suffer from both the aftermath of the Great War and the economic debilitation of the Great Depression, the world was quickly thrown into the bloodiest war it had ever experienced.
The Mukden Incident:
This was the first major test of the peace pact. It occurred in 1931 when the Mukden Incident led to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Since Japan had signed the pact it was expected that they would be punished for not upholding the peace that other signers of the pact had agreed upon. However, due to the immense worldwide depression and a limited desire to go to war after the devastation of the Great War, the League of Nations and the United States did nothing to enforce the peace. This led to other nations, such as Germany, Austria, and Italy, to use aggression to get what they desire.
The Washington Naval Treaty was signed in 1922, six years before the Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact. It was among the major powers who had won the Great War and was an agreement to limit naval construction. This peace agreement only served to highlight the immense efforts to abstain from fighting in another war like the Great War. Numerous similar agreements were made between many world nations as the effect of WWI caused many nations unbelievable harm.
French Minister of Foreign Affairs Aristide Briand proposed the peace pact as a bilateral agreement between America and France to prevent a war between the two powers. US Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg were less interested in this bilateral arrangement as it appeared to be an alliance, which America was attempting to avoid. Kellogg suggested that the two nations instead lead the way to invite all nations to join them in outlawing war.
Other Name:
The Pact of Paris
Number of countries who signed it:
Fifteen nations originally signed the pact in Paris. This included: France, America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Italy, and Japan. Later forty-seven more nations signed the pact.
What is needed to enforce it:
The Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact and the League of Nations lacked a combined armed force that could be used to enforce their policies. When offenders disobeyed the rules put in place by this pact and the League, nothing was done to punish the nations. Additionally, the Pact of Paris never specified what constituted "self-defense". This idealist peace pact was unprepared for when nations were ready to fight again, and although many nations continued to suffer from both the aftermath of the Great War and the economic debilitation of the Great Depression, the world was quickly thrown into the bloodiest war it had ever experienced.
The Mukden Incident:
This was the first major test of the peace pact. It occurred in 1931 when the Mukden Incident led to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Since Japan had signed the pact it was expected that they would be punished for not upholding the peace that other signers of the pact had agreed upon. However, due to the immense worldwide depression and a limited desire to go to war after the devastation of the Great War, the League of Nations and the United States did nothing to enforce the peace. This led to other nations, such as Germany, Austria, and Italy, to use aggression to get what they desire.
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| Washington Naval Treaty |
The Washington Naval Treaty was signed in 1922, six years before the Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact. It was among the major powers who had won the Great War and was an agreement to limit naval construction. This peace agreement only served to highlight the immense efforts to abstain from fighting in another war like the Great War. Numerous similar agreements were made between many world nations as the effect of WWI caused many nations unbelievable harm.
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